UAE School Curricula Compared

A practical comparison of the five most popular school curricula in the UAE — structure, fees, assessment methods, university pathways, and how to choose the right one for your child

The UAE hosts over 200 private schools in Dubai alone, offering 17 different curricula according to the UAE Government Portal. For expatriate families — who make up the majority of students — choosing between British, American, IB, Indian (CBSE/ICSE), and the UAE Ministry of Education (MOE) curriculum shapes everything from daily classroom experience to university admission options and long-term career pathways. The differences are structural, not cosmetic: each curriculum follows a distinct assessment philosophy, specialization timeline, and fee model.

This guide breaks down the five most widely followed curricula in the UAE side by side. It covers grade structures, key qualifications, typical costs of schooling in the UAE, how each system is regulated by KHDA and other authorities, mandatory UAE subject requirements that apply to all schools, and the practical implications for families who may relocate during their child’s education.

How UAE Private School Education Works

Public schools in the UAE follow the national MOE curriculum, use Arabic as the primary language of instruction, and are free exclusively for Emirati citizens. Expatriate children must enroll in private schools, which charge tuition fees and are regulated by emirate-level authorities. In Dubai, the Knowledge and Human Development Authority (KHDA) oversees all private schools; in Abu Dhabi, the Abu Dhabi Department of Education and Knowledge (ADEK) fulfills this role; and in Sharjah, the Sharjah Private Education Authority (SPEA) regulates private education. All three bodies now follow the UAE Unified Inspection Framework, making ratings comparable across emirates.

Regardless of curriculum, every private school in the UAE must teach certain subjects mandated by the Ministry of Education. These include Arabic (as a first language for Arab students or an additional language for non-Arab students), Islamic Education for Muslim students, UAE Social Studies, and Moral Education. From the 2025–26 academic year, KHDA has increased instructional time requirements for these mandatory subjects and introduced compulsory Arabic language education for all children from age four in early childhood settings. Schools must meet a minimum of 182 instructional days per year.

KHDA Inspection Ratings and Fee Regulation

KHDA rates schools on a six-level scale: Outstanding, Very Good, Good, Acceptable, Weak, and Very Weak. These ratings directly affect permissible fee increases. For the 2025–26 academic year, KHDA set the Education Cost Index (ECI) at 2.35% — the maximum any school may raise fees. Schools operating for fewer than three years cannot increase fees at all. KHDA paused full annual inspections for the 2024–25 and 2025–26 academic years, meaning most schools currently carry ratings from the 2023–24 inspection cycle. Every KHDA-registered school must publish a School Fees Fact Sheet listing all mandatory and optional charges.

British Curriculum: Structure and Key Features

The British curriculum — formally the National Curriculum for England — is the most widely followed international curriculum in the UAE, accounting for approximately 37–40% of all private school students in Dubai. It provides a highly structured, exam-focused pathway from early years through to university-entry qualifications. British curriculum schools in the UAE are examined by boards such as Cambridge (CAIE), Pearson Edexcel, and Oxford AQA for IGCSE and A-Level qualifications.

The curriculum divides education into five Key Stages plus an Early Years Foundation Stage:

Stage Years Ages Focus
EYFS (Foundation) FS1–FS2 3–5 Play-based learning; communication, literacy, numeracy
Key Stage 1 Year 1–2 5–7 Core skills in English, math, science
Key Stage 2 Year 3–6 7–11 Broader curriculum; structured writing, science method
Key Stage 3 Year 7–9 11–14 Subject-specialist teaching; preparation for IGCSE choices
Key Stage 4 (IGCSE) Year 10–11 14–16 8–10 IGCSE subjects; external exams graded 9–1 or A*–G
Key Stage 5 (Sixth Form) Year 12–13 16–18 3–4 A-Level subjects; deep specialization

The British system’s defining characteristic is early specialization. By Year 10, students select their IGCSE subjects — a decision that narrows options through to A-Levels and university admission. A-Level results (graded A* to E) are the primary qualification used by UK, European, Australian, and many Asian universities for admission. In the 2023–24 KHDA inspection cycle, 16 of the 23 Outstanding-rated schools in Dubai followed a British or British/IB curriculum, reflecting the system’s dominant position in the emirate.

Who the British Curriculum Suits Best

The British curriculum works well for students who perform strongly in exam-based assessment, prefer depth over breadth in subject study, and are targeting universities in the UK, Europe, or the Commonwealth. Families who may relocate to the UK, Australia, or Singapore will find the curriculum transfers smoothly. The system is less ideal for students who thrive on project-based learning or want to keep their subject options open until the final years of secondary school.

American Curriculum: Structure and Key Features

The American curriculum follows the US educational model, emphasizing flexibility, broad-based learning, and continuous assessment. Students progress through a K–12 structure (Kindergarten through Grade 12) and graduate with a US High School Diploma. Many American schools in the UAE base their standards on the Common Core State Standards (CCSS) for English and math, and the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) for sciences — though there is no single centralized American curriculum, and individual schools have significant latitude in how they implement standards.

Stage Grades Ages Focus
Kindergarten KG1–KG2 5–6 Foundational literacy and numeracy; social skills
Elementary School Grade 1–5 6–11 Broad curriculum: reading, writing, math, science, social studies
Middle School Grade 6–8 11–14 Introduction to electives; developing research skills
High School Grade 9–12 14–18 Credit-based system; 20–24 credits required for diploma; AP courses available

Assessment in the American system is primarily continuous — grades are calculated through a GPA (Grade Point Average) based on coursework, projects, quizzes, and tests. Students targeting competitive university admission typically supplement their High School Diploma with Advanced Placement (AP) courses (university-level classes examined by the College Board), and sit the SAT or ACT standardized tests. In Dubai, KHDA requires a minimum of 22 credits for graduation from American curriculum schools.

A practical consideration: the US High School Diploma on its own — without AP courses or strong SAT scores — has limited recognition at selective UK and European universities. Cambridge University, for example, requires AP scores alongside the diploma. For families targeting US and Canadian universities, however, the American curriculum is a natural fit, and the emphasis on extracurricular breadth aligns with the holistic admissions approach used by American colleges.

Who the American Curriculum Suits Best

The American system works best for students who prefer continuous assessment over high-stakes exams, value flexibility in subject selection, and enjoy project-based learning. It is the strongest choice for families planning to pursue higher education in North America. Students who need more structured academic guidance or who perform better in clearly defined, exam-focused environments may find the system’s flexibility challenging.

International Baccalaureate (IB): Structure and Key Features

The International Baccalaureate is a standalone educational framework developed by the International Baccalaureate organization, headquartered in Switzerland. Around 30 schools in Dubai offer one or more IB programs. The IB is widely considered the most internationally portable curriculum, accepted by universities in over 75 countries. It is also typically the most expensive option.

The IB offers four programs, though not all schools offer the complete continuum:

Program Ages Focus
Primary Years Programme (PYP) 3–12 Inquiry-based learning through six transdisciplinary themes
Middle Years Programme (MYP) 11–16 Eight subject groups; criteria-based assessment; Personal Project in final year
Diploma Programme (DP) 16–19 Six subjects (3 Higher Level, 3 Standard Level) plus TOK, Extended Essay, CAS
Career-related Programme (CP) 16–19 Combines academic subjects with career-related learning

The IB Diploma Programme (DP) is the qualification that drives most families toward IB schools. Students must study six subjects across prescribed groups — including their first language, a second language, a humanities subject, a science, mathematics, and either an arts subject or a second subject from another group. Three subjects are studied at Higher Level (HL) and three at Standard Level (SL). In addition, all DP students complete Theory of Knowledge (TOK), a 4,000-word Extended Essay (EE), and Creativity, Activity, Service (CAS) hours. The maximum IB Diploma score is 45 points.

Many UAE schools that are not full IB continuum schools offer the British curriculum through IGCSE and then switch to the IB Diploma for Years 12–13. This hybrid approach is common and is accepted by universities, though families should confirm the school’s authorization status on the IB’s official website.

Who the IB Suits Best

The IB Diploma is a strong choice for well-rounded students who can manage a heavy academic workload across multiple disciplines simultaneously. It is ideal for internationally mobile families who may not yet know where their child will attend university, since the qualification is recognized virtually everywhere. The IB is less suitable for students who prefer deep specialization in a narrow range of subjects (A-Levels offer more depth per subject) or who struggle with the program’s demanding independent research and writing requirements.

Indian Curriculum (CBSE/ICSE): Structure and Key Features

Indian curriculum schools serve approximately 26% of Dubai’s private school students, reflecting the large Indian expatriate community in the UAE. The two main boards are the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) — by far the more common — and the Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE), which administers the ICSE and ISC qualifications. There are over 95 CBSE-affiliated schools across the UAE.

Stage Grades Ages Focus
Primary Grade 1–5 6–11 English, math, science, social sciences, Hindi/second language
Upper Primary Grade 6–8 11–14 Broader subject exposure; continuous and comprehensive evaluation (CCE)
Secondary Grade 9–10 14–16 AISSE (All India Secondary School Examination) at end of Grade 10
Senior Secondary Grade 11–12 16–18 Stream selection (Science/Commerce/Arts); AISSCE board exams at end of Grade 12

A key structural difference: CBSE is a 12-year program (Grade 1 to Grade 12), while British and IB curricula run 13 years (Year 1 to Year 13). This means a student in Year 7 of the British system corresponds roughly to Grade 6 in CBSE. Indian curriculum schools in the UAE also follow a different academic calendar — the school year typically runs from April to March, whereas British, American, and IB schools run from September to June.

In Grades 11–12, CBSE students choose a stream: Science (Physics, Chemistry, Biology/Math), Commerce (Accountancy, Business Studies, Economics), or Arts/Humanities. Board exams at the end of Grade 12 are mandatory and are the primary determinant for Indian university admission. The curriculum is specifically designed to prepare students for competitive entrance exams like JEE (engineering), NEET (medicine), and CUET (university entrance).

Who the Indian Curriculum Suits Best

CBSE schools are the strongest option for families planning to return to India or targeting admission to Indian universities and competitive entrance exams. They offer the most affordable fees in the UAE market by a significant margin. The standardized NCERT textbook system also makes mid-year transfers between CBSE schools seamless. The curriculum is less ideal for families targeting UK or European universities (additional qualifications may be needed), and the system’s traditional emphasis on examination performance can be intense for students who thrive with project-based or continuous assessment approaches.

UAE Ministry of Education (MOE) Curriculum: Structure and Key Features

The MOE national curriculum is followed by all public schools in the UAE and some private schools. It is designed with a specific emphasis on UAE values and culture, with Arabic as the primary language of instruction. English is taught as a second language and used for some technical and scientific subjects. The curriculum is structured into Kindergarten (KG1–KG2), Cycle 1 (Grades 1–4), Cycle 2 (Grades 5–8), and Cycle 3 (Grades 9–12).

Students in Grade 12 sit the Thanawiya al Amma (or Tawjihi) examinations, which determine eligibility for admission to UAE federal universities. The MOE uses an A–E letter grade scale (A = 90–100%, down to E = below 60%), and students need a minimum 50% overall across all subjects to progress to the next grade. Since 2017, the MOE has also implemented the Emirates Standardized Test (EmSAT) — assessments in Arabic, English, math, and science used for Grades 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12.

Public schools following the MOE curriculum are free for Emirati nationals but do not accept expatriate students. Some private schools in the UAE also offer the MOE curriculum; these charge tuition fees and are open to all nationalities. The curriculum is primarily designed for students who will pursue higher education within the UAE.

Who the MOE Curriculum Suits Best

The MOE curriculum is the natural choice for Emirati families and Arab families who prioritize Arabic-medium education and cultural integration. It provides a direct pathway to UAE federal universities (Zayed University, United Arab Emirates University, Higher Colleges of Technology). For families with long-term roots in the UAE who want strong Arabic language skills and deep engagement with local culture and values, the MOE curriculum offers something that international curricula do not. It is less suitable for families targeting universities outside the UAE, as international recognition of the Tawjihi qualification varies.

Fee Comparison Across Curricula

School fees are one of the most immediate practical considerations for families in the UAE, and they vary dramatically by curriculum. Indian curriculum schools are consistently the most affordable, while IB and premium British schools command the highest fees. The ranges below reflect Dubai schools across all KHDA ratings:

Curriculum Typical Annual Fee Range (AED) Notes
Indian (CBSE/ICSE) 9,000–40,000 Most affordable; premium Indian schools (e.g., GEMS Modern Academy) reach AED 38,000–52,000
MOE (Private) 15,000–35,000 Free in public schools for Emirati nationals
American 25,000–95,000 Wide range; premium schools (e.g., Dubai American Academy) reach AED 88,000+
British 18,000–110,000 Largest range; value-tier British schools can be affordable; Outstanding-rated schools command premium
IB 50,000–110,000+ Generally the most expensive; few budget IB options exist

These are tuition fees only. Budget an additional AED 15,000–30,000 per child annually for transport, uniforms, textbooks, lunch programs, extracurricular activities, and trips. Registration fees (typically AED 500–4,000) and re-registration deposits are common. Always check the school’s official KHDA School Fees Fact Sheet before committing — it lists all mandatory and optional charges.

Assessment Methods Compared

How your child is tested — and how much weight those tests carry — is one of the biggest functional differences between curricula. The contrast between exam-heavy systems (British, Indian) and continuous assessment systems (American, IB to some extent) affects daily school experience, stress levels, and the type of student who thrives in each environment.

Curriculum Primary Assessment Method Exit Qualification Assessment Style
British External exams (IGCSE, A-Levels) A-Levels (graded A*–E) Exam-heavy; primarily end-of-course exams determine grades
American Continuous assessment + GPA High School Diploma + optional AP/SAT/ACT Project-based, cumulative; standardized tests supplement GPA
IB (DP) Internal + external assessment IB Diploma (max 45 points) Balanced; internal assessments (20–30%) plus final exams (70–80%)
Indian (CBSE) Board examinations AISSCE (Grade 12 board results) Exam-focused; CCE for ongoing evaluation, but board exams are decisive
MOE Continuous + final evaluations Thanawiya al Amma + EmSAT Mix of ongoing evaluation and end-of-year exams

University Pathways and International Recognition

Where your child can realistically apply — and how competitive their application will be — depends heavily on the curriculum they complete. No single curriculum locks out all other options, but some pathways are significantly smoother than others.

British A-Levels

A-Levels are the strongest qualification for UK university admissions and are widely recognized across Europe, Australia, Canada, and Asia. Students typically need three strong A-Level grades for competitive universities. US universities accept A-Levels but may also require SAT/ACT scores. Within the UAE, A-Levels are accepted by all universities.

American Diploma + AP

The High School Diploma is the natural pathway to US and Canadian universities. For competitive admission, AP courses and strong SAT/ACT scores are essential — the diploma alone may not be sufficient for selective international universities. UK universities generally require AP scores (often 3–5 AP subjects at Grade 4–5) for direct entry; some may offer foundation year entry with a diploma alone.

IB Diploma

The IB Diploma has the broadest international recognition. It is accepted by universities in over 75 countries, including the most selective institutions in the US, UK, Europe, Asia, and Australia. Many universities award advanced credit for Higher Level subjects with scores of 6 or 7. The IB’s combination of academic rigor and holistic assessment makes it particularly appealing to admissions officers at internationally-oriented universities.

CBSE/ICSE

CBSE Grade 12 results are the primary qualification for Indian university admission and are essential for competitive entrance exams (JEE, NEET, CUET). UAE universities accept CBSE/ICSE results for admission. For UK or European universities, CBSE students may need to complete a foundation year or provide additional qualifications, as direct equivalence recognition varies. US universities are increasingly familiar with CBSE but may still require SAT scores.

MOE Tawjihi

The Tawjihi certificate provides direct access to UAE federal universities and is recognized by some regional universities. International recognition outside the Gulf region is limited; students targeting universities abroad may need additional qualifications or foundation programs.

Switching Curricula Mid-Education

Switching between curricula is common in the UAE — families relocate, children’s needs change, or university plans shift. However, transitions become more complex at higher grade levels, and some switches create genuine academic gaps.

The smoothest transition points are at the start of a new stage: beginning of British Key Stage 3 (Year 7), before IGCSE subject selection (Year 9), or at the start of American high school (Grade 9). Switching after IGCSE/Grade 10 to a different system for the final two years (e.g., from British IGCSE to IB Diploma) is well-established and widely practiced. Switching from CBSE to British curriculum is straightforward at primary level but requires adjustment in English literature and analytical writing, as the CBSE places less emphasis on these areas in earlier years.

Students entering Grade 9 or above from outside the UAE, or switching curricula at secondary level, are required to obtain a Ministry of Education Equivalency Certificate. This document officially validates the student’s previous academic record. You will need attested school transcripts — typically attested by the UAE Embassy in your home country — and the process can take 2–4 weeks. Schools assess transferring students in core subjects (English, math, and sometimes science) to determine appropriate grade placement.

Age Cutoff Change for 2026–27 Admissions

The UAE’s Education, Human Development, and Community Development Council approved a significant change to school admission age requirements in December 2025. From the 2026–27 academic year, the age cutoff shifts from August 31 to December 31 of the admission year. This applies to all public and private schools, nurseries, and early childhood centers that begin their academic year in August or September. Children already enrolled are unaffected — the new rule applies only to new admissions from 2026–27 onward. Schools starting in April (primarily Indian-curriculum CBSE/ICSE schools) continue to use the March 31 cutoff.

How to Choose the Right Curriculum for Your Family

There is no single “best” curriculum — the right choice depends on your family’s specific circumstances. These are the key decision factors, ranked by how much each one constrains your options:

1. University destination. If you already know your child will attend university in a specific country, work backward from there. British A-Levels for UK/Australia/Europe, American + AP for the US/Canada, CBSE for India, IB if you are genuinely unsure. MOE for UAE federal universities.

2. Likelihood of relocation. Families who move frequently benefit from the IB (most internationally portable) or British (widely available in over 160 countries). The American curriculum is broadly recognized but has more variability between schools. CBSE transfers easily between CBSE schools worldwide but is harder to switch from at secondary level.

3. Your child’s learning style. Exam-focused students tend to perform well in British or Indian systems. Students who prefer projects, continuous feedback, and broader exploration are better suited to American or IB approaches. The MOE curriculum blends ongoing evaluation with end-of-year exams.

4. Budget. CBSE schools deliver strong academic outcomes at a fraction of the cost of Western curricula. A family spending AED 15,000 per year at a Good-rated CBSE school may get academic results comparable to — or better than — a school charging AED 60,000, depending on the child and the specific school’s quality. Always check KHDA ratings and school fact sheets rather than assuming that higher fees mean higher quality.

5. Location and convenience. Not all curricula are available in every area. If you live in a specific Dubai neighborhood, the commute to the nearest school offering your preferred curriculum is a real daily factor. Check school locations relative to your home before committing.

Side-by-Side Summary

Factor British American IB Indian (CBSE) MOE
Duration 13 years (FS1–Year 13) 13 years (KG–Grade 12) Varies by program 12 years (Grade 1–12) 12 years (KG–Grade 12)
Academic Year September–June September–June September–June April–March September–June
Specialization Age 14–15 (IGCSE choices) 16–17 (AP course selection) 16 (DP subject selection) 16 (stream selection) 15–16 (Cycle 3 track)
Primary Assessment External exams Continuous (GPA) Mixed (internal + external) Board exams Mixed
Strongest For UK, Europe, Australia, Asia US, Canada Global (75+ countries) India, UAE universities UAE federal universities
Typical Fee Range (AED) 18,000–110,000 25,000–95,000 50,000–110,000+ 9,000–40,000 15,000–35,000
International Portability Very high High (mainly Americas) Highest Moderate Limited (regional)

FAQ

Which School Curriculum Is the Cheapest in the UAE?

Indian CBSE schools are consistently the most affordable, with annual fees starting from around AED 9,000 and rarely exceeding AED 40,000 even at premium institutions. Several CBSE schools rated “Good” or “Very Good” by KHDA charge under AED 25,000 annually — less than a quarter of what premium British or IB schools cost. For families on a budget who still want quality education, CBSE offers the strongest value proposition in the UAE.

Can My Child Switch From CBSE to British Curriculum Mid-Year?

Yes, though mid-year switches are harder than transitions at natural breakpoints (start of Year 7 or Year 9 in British schools). The receiving school will assess your child in English, math, and possibly science. Common academic gaps when moving from CBSE to British include English literature analysis and critical essay writing, as CBSE emphasizes grammar and comprehension more heavily in earlier years. Students entering Grade 9 or above need an MOE Equivalency Certificate.

Is the IB Diploma Harder Than A-Levels?

The two programs are demanding in different ways. A-Levels require deep specialization in three or four subjects, making each individual subject more intensive. The IB Diploma requires competence across six subjects plus Theory of Knowledge, an Extended Essay, and CAS activities — making it broader and more time-intensive overall. Students who prefer depth over breadth generally find A-Levels more manageable; those who enjoy variety and multitasking often adapt better to the IB.

Do All Dubai Private Schools Teach Arabic?

Yes. Arabic is a mandatory subject in all Dubai private schools from Grade 1/Year 2 through at least Grade 9/Year 10. Non-Arab students study Arabic as an additional language (Arabic B) with a minimum of four lessons per week. From the 2025–26 academic year, KHDA has also mandated Arabic education for children aged four to six in all private schools and early childhood centers. Arab students study Arabic as a first language (Arabic A), with higher instructional time requirements.

Which Curriculum Is Best for Getting Into US Universities?

The American curriculum is the most natural fit for US university admissions. Students graduate with a familiar GPA-based transcript, and strong AP scores (typically 3–5 subjects at Grade 4 or 5) significantly strengthen applications to selective schools. That said, US universities also accept IB Diplomas (often with generous credit transfer), British A-Levels, and CBSE results. The IB Diploma, in particular, is viewed very favorably by competitive US colleges because of its breadth and emphasis on independent research.

Are KHDA Ratings Reliable for Comparing Schools Across Curricula?

KHDA ratings use the same Unified Inspection Framework across all curricula, making them broadly comparable. An “Outstanding” British school and an “Outstanding” Indian school have both met the same quality benchmarks for teaching, student outcomes, leadership, and wellbeing. However, full inspections have been paused for 2024–25 and 2025–26, so current ratings reflect the 2023–24 cycle. Always check the inspection report date and read the full report — not just the headline rating — on the KHDA website.

What Happens to My Child’s School Place if I Lose My Job?

If you lose your employment, your family visa enters a grace period, and you need to resolve your residency status. Schools cannot expel a child solely because a parent lost their job, but ongoing fee payment is required to maintain enrollment. If you plan to stay in the UAE under a different visa type (such as a job seeker visa during the grace period), the school will typically allow continued enrollment while the situation is resolved. Communicate with the school administration promptly if your employment status changes.

Does CBSE or ICSE Board Results Work for UAE University Admission?

Yes. UAE universities — both federal institutions and private universities — accept CBSE and ICSE Grade 12 results for undergraduate admission. Most UAE universities have published minimum percentage requirements (typically 60–70% for standard programs, higher for competitive programs like medicine or engineering). CBSE/ICSE students can apply directly without needing an MOE Equivalency Certificate for UAE university admission in most cases. For students on dependent visas, ensure your residence status remains valid through the application period.

What Is the New CBSE Global Curriculum for UAE Schools?

CBSE announced plans to introduce a modified “global” curriculum for all CBSE-affiliated schools in Gulf Cooperation Council countries. The changes include greater integration of local country requirements (more time for Arabic and Islamic Studies in the UAE), unified teacher training standards, and updated technical education modules. The modifications are designed to modernize the CBSE framework while maintaining the core academic structure that families rely on for Indian university preparation.

At What Age Do Children Start Formal School in the UAE?

This depends on the curriculum. British curriculum schools admit children to Foundation Stage 1 (FS1) at age 3–4. American schools typically begin with Kindergarten at age 5. CBSE schools start Grade 1 at age 6, though many offer KG programs from age 3–4. MOE schools begin KG1 at age 4. From the 2026–27 academic year, the age cutoff for new admissions shifts from August 31 to December 31 for schools starting in September, and remains March 31 for schools starting in April.

Official Sources

This article references information from the following authorities and organizations:

Information current as of May 2026. Fees, regulations, and admission policies are subject to change. Verify current requirements with the relevant school and education authority (KHDA, ADEK, or SPEA) before proceeding with any enrollment decision.

This guide is for informational purposes only. UAE regulations and fees are subject to change. Always verify current requirements with the relevant official authority before proceeding with any application or transaction.

About the authors

Omar Al Nasser is a Senior Content Creator & Analyst at UAE Experts HUB, specializing in Dubai real estate registration, title deeds, and official government procedures.

Clara Jensen

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Daniel Moreau

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Clara Jensen

Fact checked by

Clara Jensen

 

 

 

Head of Legal & Compliance Department

Daniel Moreau

Reviewed by

Daniel Moreau

 

 

 

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